Why Black Men Turn To Crack Cocaine To Survive Essay

This research proposal will explore the dependent factors that determine why impoverished adolescent Black men turn to crack cocaine as a means of survival. Survival is living under but overcoming adverse or unusual circumstances. Generally black adolescent men engage themselves in crack cocaine by way of dealing or trafficking. This study is important because it emphasizes the many underlying factors that can promote this type of lifestyle as a means of survival. When examining this particular field of study two main causes come to mind, the struggle and the trouble. The trouble is defined as the ending result from engaging in these activities, the effect in which is derived from the cause. The other aspect is the struggle, which†¦show more content†¦Yet the road to such freedom is far from sight. The lynching, hate crimes and beatings are still going strong. In addition, racial injustice in the court system, social stereotypes, and racial profiling by police officer s are a daily occurrence. Anyone who speaks of present-day â€Å"equal opportunity,† the â€Å"end† of racism and a sense of â€Å"unity† amongst culturally and racially diverse groups are living in a bubble, formed by denial and fabricated by the media. White America, in the hopes of shedding or covering up its racist skin, wants to preach this equality when in fact Blacks in the â€Å"United States of America† are still suffering from a society constructed by racist, untrustworthy individuals. Not only are Blacks in the capitalist, assimilations misnomer â€Å"United States† continually suffering from physical violence, but we also suffer from institutionalized racism, including judicial bias, policing brutality, media brainwashing and anti-Black stereotypes†( A New African Journal of Culture, Politics Consciousness (2003). Demographic Profile Since 1941 there has been a major surge in drug dealing through proof of arrest rates. This is pretty clear since the amount of arrests has increased by a monumental 50% since then. Statistics show the escalation of arrests from1941-1990. From 1941-1950 there were 0.3 arrests; 1951-1960 0.7%; 1961-1970 7.9%; 1971-1980 36.9% and from 1981-1990 54.2%. Today, nineteen years later, these arrest ratesShow MoreRelatedIntergenerational Trauma, Or Historical Trauma, Is â€Å"The1762 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom the most historical trauma in the United States, most of it stemming from centuries of slavery and subjugation. This paper seeks to show how slavery has continued to affect black people in the United States, starting with slavery and ending with the present. This paper will look at issues that seem to plague the black community in particular, including higher rates of both incarceration and poverty, as well as continued stereotypical and racial profiling, in an attempt to prove that most of theseRead MoreAdolescent Black Males and Their Entanglement With Crack Cocaine2215 Words   |  9 PagesAdolescent Black Males and Their Entanglement With Crack Cocaine This research proposal will explore the dependent factors that determine why impoverished adolescent Black Males turn to crack cocaine as a means of survival. Survival is defined as, the act of or facts of surviving, especially under adverse or unusual circumstances. Generally, Black Adolescent males engage themselves in crack cocaine by way of dealing or trafficking. This study is important because there are many underlying factorsRead MoreRacial Profiling Is The Root Of Dysfunction1513 Words   |  7 Pagesprofiling, which causes dysfunction in society. We naturally fear danger and our fear one event creates causes a lasting impression about the people of color (POC) to make oneself feel safer. Due to the fact that most people of high power are white men, they typically are protected from discrimination with their supremacy and social position. However, POC do not have such privilege, and are typically subjected to discrimination. The fear that follows tragic events, fear of d anger, and fear of losingRead More Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 Pagesplace to place, or there parents arent exactly making a lot of money and they are never around because they are trying to make enough money for them to survive. But even to most ordinary teenager can have a drug problem depending on there friends, and relationship with there family. These teenagers turn to drugs because they have no where else to turn. There family members arent ever around, or hardly ever around. Some teens may have there parents around, but they too are involved with drug abuseRead MoreEthical Issues with Project Prevention3325 Words   |  14 Pagesmillion children in the UK are living with parents who abuse drugs. Pregnant addicts can pass on the dependency to the unborn child, leading to organ and brain damage. Barbara Harris set up her charity in North Carolina after adopting the children of a crack addict (â€Å"BBC news†, 2010). Damage to children: Mrs. Harris said: â€Å" The birth mother of my children obviously dabbled in all drugs and alcohol- she literally had a baby every year for eight years. I get very angry about the damage that drugs do toRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pageswithdrawal symptoms are produced. This withdrawal syndrome is experienced as sickness, stomach upset and muscular pain. Hallucinations and convulsions may also occur. EXPLAIN WHY ALCOHOL IS A DRUG Alcohol is a drug because it affects the body tissues and as a result influences behaviour. BRIEFLY OUTLINE THREE REASONS WHY PEOPLE BECOME DEPENDENT ON DRUGS People become dependent on drugs because of curiosity, believing drugs will improve mental processes. Fashionable. Thinking they are not addictiveRead MoreThesis paper on rap music.4322 Words   |  18 Pagesrelatively low expenses in producing and distributing popular music, black artists and producers themselves have often controlled this mode of musical production and have been able to create a form of communication, originally free of censorship and control by the dominant social groups. Rap is now a major force in hip hop culture that has become a dominant style throughout the world today. Just as ragtime, jazz, RB, and other black music forms entered mainstream culture earlier in the century, todayRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 PagesDistribution and illicit trafficking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumption of drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of opium/heroin and coca/cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part two: impact of drug abuse II. Social implications of drug abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A. B. C. D. E. Family and community . . . . . . . . Read MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pagesâ€Å"ones favourite† — are metaphorical in origin. The first time they are used they are truly creative. They attract attention and the speaker/inventor might be praised. When these phrases are used over and over again, their freshness is lost and they turn into rather ordinary lexical items. They are then often called frozen metaphors. This then creates a need for new expressions, new metaphors. In a purely rational language, you might think that a principle like â€Å"one concept - one word† would beRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 PagesDobash Dobash (1998) reveal four general themes: men’s possessiveness and jealousy, disagreements and expectations regarding domestic work and resources, men’s sense of their right to punish ‘their’ women for perceived wrongdoing and the importance to men of maintaining and exercising their power and authority. Similarly, describing violence in intimate relationships, Cavanagh et al (2001) state that violence does not ‘just happen’; it is used as a means of exercising power and control over women it

Nick and his Experiences of Materialism in The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby shows the ambition of one mans achievement of his goal, the disappointment of failing, and the hopelessness of it. During the era of this novel, which is around the 1920s, America was a country with huge misery, ambition, and lack of humanity values. The novel shows a reflection of this decade, it illustrates the burning passion one man has toward his objective and the different aspects of the American principles. As the sequence of events continues in the story, someone will narrate the singular aspects of it; exposing the idea of the conflicts that will happen among different social levels. Nick Carraway, the chronicler of this exciting plot, moved out from the Midwest to New York in the early 1920’s, trying to get†¦show more content†¦In his plans was the idea of interacting with different people and socialize with the wealthy folks around there. Shortly after arriving to this city, Daisy invites him to come for dinner at her mansion, and Nick evidently accepts the invitation. At the moment he arrived at the Buchanan’s charming mansion, he was astonished at the size of it, and was also amazed at the vanity that seemed to fill the life of these individuals. Daisy, filled with childlike ideas, appeared to live in a life without goals and a reason to achieve them. Jordan Baker, who was Daisy’s best friend, seemed to be in the same situation as her. Tom lived in his own world of horseracing, golf, and Myrtle Wilson, who was his extravagant mistress and the wife of George Wilson at the time. When Nick leaves the Buchanans palace, he feels disgu sted and perturbed by the hypocritical environment that invaded this place and the exercise of materialism. He went back to his house tired and confused; and later that night he decided to spy on his mysterious neighbor, Gatsby, who was at the back of his residence appreciating the bay with his hands extended towards a green beam at the end of a port in East Egg. All the characters involved in this book played an important role by creating an interesting novel portraying the different social-classes and experiences by making a combination of two plot lines developed simultaneously. The main characters, including the protagonists of this amazingShow MoreRelatedGreed And Materialism In The Great Gatsby Analysis1311 Words   |  6 Pagesprosperous and previously foreign â€Å"consumer society† (History.com). The traits of greed and materialism are ubiquitous in The Great Gatsby, as well as in the Art Deco era of the 1920’s. These two characteristics can give one confidence, but as demonstrated in the novel, they bring nothing but short-term satisfaction. After which, feelings can run the gamut from desperation to childish behaviors. While greed and materialism have the power to seem favorable, bringing an amplification of social status, theyRead More Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald The 1920s is the decade in American history known as the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is a reflection of life in the 1920s. Booming parties, prominence, fresh fashion trends, and the excess of alcohol are all aspects of life in the â€Å"roaring twenties.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The booming parties in Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby reflect life in America during the 1920s. Gatsby displays his prominent fortune by throwing grand parties. FromRead MoreThe Great Gatsby as a Criticism of American Society1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby as a Criticism of American Society In the novel The Great Gatsby, author F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes American society through the eyes of his narrator Nick Caraway, as he watches the downfall and pathetic lives of what most consider achievers of the American Dream. Fitzgerald’s criticism of American Society is more prominently proven by his Harsh view of America’s materialistic standard of living, the tragic death of Gatsby, the negligence displayed by Gatsby’s friendsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 PagesTangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered around context. Enabling one to see how the few real things and feelings of the world have been reflected in the Great Gatsby. The life and experiences of F. Scott Fitzgerald provide added analysis to the reading of The Great Gatsby. The first thing that standsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Compared to the Wasteland1255 Words   |  6 PagesFitzgerald s Great Gatsby and Elliot s The Wasteland are two stories that similarly express the modernist post-war disillusionment. Both stories comment pessimistically on the direction that our world is moving in from the post-war modernist perspective. Both men looked past the roaring twenties, and realized that this time period was actually a moral wasteland. The final paragraphs of The Great Gatsby sum up their mutual lack of faith in American culture to improve. Fitzgerald uses a numberRead More The Great Gatsby and The Wasteland Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby and The Wasteland Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby and Elliot’s The Wasteland are two stories that similarly express the modernist post-war disillusionment. Both stories comment pessimistically on the direction that our world is moving in from the post-war modernist perspective. Both men looked past the roaring twenties, and realized that this time period was actually a moral wasteland. The final paragraphs of The Great Gatsby sum up their mutual lack of faith in American culture toRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald And The Sun Also Rises1061 Words   |  5 PagesMaterialism is one of the fundamental American attitudes and encompasses a wide array of desires, such as those for power, wealth, and excess. As outlined in L. Robert Kohls’ piece â€Å"The Values Americans Live By,† the value of materialism is used in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, to illustrate how collecting or consuming an excess is used in attemp ts to stave off regret. Characters in both novels show how far Americans take this, and help toRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesand materialism were both taken to new and extreme heights on the eastern coast of America in the Roaring Twenties. Consumption, and especially materialism were always hallmarks of the elite upper class aristocracy of any culture in any time period, but with the new technology, urbanization, the consolidation of funds via the world stock market, and a brand new breed of elite, called millionaires, evolved the upper class culture beyond anything any human had seen before. In The Great Gatsby, F. ScottRead More The Great Gatsby American Dream Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby is a novel that illustrates the society in the 1920s and the associated beliefs, values and dreams of the American population at that time. These beliefs, values and dreams can be summed up be what is termed the American Drea m, a dream of money, wealth, prosperity and the happiness that supposedly came with the booming economy and get-rich-quick schemes that formed the essential underworld of American upper-class society. This underworld infiltrated the upper echelons and createdRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby is a novel that illustrates the society in the 1920 s and the associated beliefs, values and dreams of the American population at that time. These beliefs, values and dreams can be summed up be what is termed the American Dream; a dream of money, wealth, prosperity and the happiness that supposedly came with the booming economy and get-rich-quick schemes that formed the essential underworld of American upper-class society. This underworld infiltrated the upper echelons and created

The African American Achievement Gap - 3064 Words

The African American Achievement Gap: Why is it There and What Can be Done Are Black Americans Dumber than White Americans? Can it unequivocally be stated that European Americans hold more intelligence then African Americans? Are African Americans genetically wired to have a lesser mental capacity then European Americans? For a long time this was the explanation to a burning problem. African Americans score lower than White Americans on vocabulary, reading, and mathematics tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence. â€Å"This gap appears before children enter kindergarten and it persists into adulthood. The typical American black still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized†¦show more content†¦Hughes also takes the view of culture but he examines it from the view of blacks that are not stuck in the ghetto but have stable backgrounds. Hughes takes the view that blacks are actually hindering themselves. He says that there is a huge obstacle standing in the way of every black per son. He actually makes a reference about artist but it can be viewed as any black person. He says the obstacle is, â€Å"this urge within the race toward whiteness, the desire to pour racial individuality into the mold of American standardization, and to be as little Negro and as much American as possible.† (Hughes, Langston) His example is a poet. This poet subconsciously wants to be white because he feels it will make him a better poet. This poet comes from a strong background in the middle class. According to Hughes, they attend church; the father has a steady job; the mother works on occasion; and the children attend mixed schools. However, the problem comes with how the parents treat their children. The mother says things like, â€Å"Don’t be like niggers† when the children are bad. In turn the father says things like, â€Å"Look how well a white man does things.† So in this home and many others, black is not praised or celebrated it is taught t o be ashamed of. They are taught to want to be white. It is staggering what blacks do to themselves because of this. Fist Hughes says the more predominant don’tShow MoreRelatedThe Achievement Gap Of Low Income African American Students Essay1871 Words   |  8 PagesJodi Marver American College of Education Introduction In my last paper, I discussed the achievement gaps within the low-income African American community at Steele School in Galesburg, IL. Now that I have looked into the history of low-income African American students, I am now going to research even more by exploring trends, issues, evidence-based remediation practices, the preferred learning styles and the identified achievement gap of low-income African American studentsRead MoreSuspensions Hurt Children By Lowering Academic Achievement Gap Between African American Students And Their Peers Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesSuspensions Hurt Children Suspensions hurt children by lowering academic achievement as well as widening the racial achievement gap between African American students and their peers. This is a growing topic across the country. Schools suspend students at a large cost to society as a whole. Every time a student is suspended for non- violent infractions they are being denied a learning opportunity (Townsend, 2000). It is the duty of educators to ensure that this does not happen. Suspensions canRead MoreEvidence Of The Problem From The Professional Literature Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Historical achievement gap. Historically, the achievement gap was an unobserved problem back in the 1800s during the Reconstruction Era when unequal education existed. Butchart (2010) reported that racism and segregation between European American and African American students attributed to unequal education. Before and after the Emancipation, many African Americans attempted to set up schools for students, but violent assaults occurred that hindered African Americans from obtaining an educationRead MoreThe Achievement Gap1119 Words   |  5 Pagesthe education sector, the achievement gap delineates the observed disparity in school performance among student groups. This gap is manifested in measures such as test scores, grades, college completion and dropout rates, and selection of courses. Within the U.S. context, the achievement gap has often been used to refer to the worrying performance disparities between Latinos and African-Americans on one hand and their non-Hispanic white cou nterparts on the other. The gap also describes academic differencesRead MoreA Study of Factors Contributing to the Lack of Success and Participation of African American in Males in Advance Placement Classes1538 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors that contribute to the academic achievement gap between African American males. A sample of 25 8th grade, African American, male students from Dent Middle School will be identifyied as participates for the research. Although there has been research written about the achievement gap between African American and their counterparts, the literature is limited regarding strategies tailored specifically to address the achievement gap between African American males. Participant’s data will be collectedRead MoreThe Impact Of Psychological Slavery On Attachment And Trust Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesTrust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) â€Æ' Table of Contents â€Æ' Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-American couples inability to stay together in termsRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Minority And Nonminority Children974 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Addressing the Achievement Gap Between Minority and Nonminority Children by Increasing Access to Gifted Programs,† by Paula Olszewski-Kubilius, Seon-young Lee, and Mephie Ngoi, â€Å"The most significant educational problem in the U.S. is the fact that the achievement of minority children lags behind that of non-minority children† (Kubilius 2004). In another article called â€Å"Bridging the minority achievement gap,† by Edmund W. Gordon, it’s said that â€Å"although African-American, Hispanic, and Native American childrenRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1737 Words   |  7 PagesFirst, what is the achievement gap? According to the achievement gap in education refers to systematic variances in the ability to learn between students from majority populations and students from minority populations. The most significant effort made by the federal government to improve the nation s schools and student learning is the 2002 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The ESEA was largely designed to address the achievement gap in multicultural educationRead MoreRichard Wright s Black Boy Today1067 Words   |  5 Pagestoday (2016) about a black boy growing up in the United States, he would write about racial profiling against African Americans, the wide education gap between black and white, and the unequal job opportunity for African American. Wright would examine racial profiling if he was to write Black Boy today. Racial profiling is a very serious issue in the society today. Many African American were being target, and in some case murdered by law enforcement official because of their race. On August 9, 2014Read MoreThe Unequal Separation Of African Americans1453 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans as a whole agree that racial segregation has affected their chances of employment, residency, education and access to proper health facilities. Many have stories and experiences of being qualified for a job but being turned down for being African American. Several experiments have been conducted where an African American would attempt to view homes in diverse neighborhoods and be turned down and white co-workers or friends would call immediately after and be invited to come in.

Machiavelli vs Islamic Political Thought - 2559 Words

Machiavelli vs Islamic Political Thought Niccolo Machiavelli was a political realist. He thought there were certain skills and characteristics needed to become a political ruler. In his work, The Prince, Machiavelli gives advice on how to be a successful prince, or ruler. Successful is partly based on how powerful a ruler was during his lifetime (reign), but largely based on how much the prince affected the lives, through laws or societal norms, of future generations. Machiavelli was mainly interested in attaining and keeping political power. He believed people were inherently selfish and would, by nature, not respect the law or work for the common good, without civic virtues. The only way to ‘control these human urges was to instill†¦show more content†¦Regardless of how good a ruler Borgia was though, when the time came to install a new pope and it wasnt his father, Borgia fell short and was no longer the ruler. While Machiavelli seemed to put no stock in the role of t he citizen in determining a ruler, he thought rulers could protect their power by evoking the love of their people. But even this isnt enough all the time, because of the question always asked by citizens of its government, what have you done for me lately. The ruler must protect the citizens property, prosperity, family, and well-being. For people to lead happy, full lives, they must be allowed to do what they want, within the guidelines of a state. But this is a cycle easier to maintain, than to begin. For people to do as they wish, there must be guidelines in place, but for guidelines to be established, people have to know what they want to do and what they are unable to do. Here is the reason governments were built in the first place. The group of people chose someone to establish guidelines, because people wanted more than they had. This is the real purpose of a ruler, to help establish a society. Machiavelli was consumed with rulers having and keeping power, by whatever force necessary. This seems to contradict what he is saying about the common good and civic virtues. If the ruler is only interested in power, what care would he have for the people? None, it seems to me. According to Ian Johnston, The Prince was more than just a feebleShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesConsequences of Political Behavior 426 Factors Contributing to Political Behavior 426 †¢ How Do People Respond to Organizational Politics? 429 †¢ Impression Management 430 The Ethics of Behaving Politically 434 Summary and Implications for Managers 435 S A L S A L Self-Assessment Library Is My Workplace Political? 412 glOBalization! Power Distance and Innovation 420 An Ethical Choice Should All Sexual Behavior Be Prohibited at Work? 423 Myth or Science? â€Å"Corporate Political Activity Pays†

Determination of the Tax Consequences-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Can Robyn be taxed on any part of her salary, from Victoria University, in Australia for the 2016/17 tax year and any other years she acts as coordinator in Calcutta. 2.Determine what amounts will form part of Pauls assessable income for the 2016/17 taxation year. Answers: 1.Issues: The current issues is based on the determination of the tax consequences for the part of salary derived by an Australian resident working overseas and leaving Australia for the purpose of work. Legislation: Taxation rulings of IT 2650 Subsection 6 (1) of income tax assessment act 1936 C. of T. v. Applegate(1979) 9 ATR 899 Henderson v. Henderson [1965] 1 All E.R.179 C. of T. v. Jenkins 82 ATC 4098 Application: The present situation takes into the considerations the salary derived by Can Robyn from her overseas employment as a co-ordinator in Calcutta University. The position of working as the co-coordinator was as long as she remained to work or as long as she wanted the course continued to exist. According to the taxation rulings of IT 2650 it proposes to provide guidelines in determining whether the person who leaves Australia to live overseas on temporary overseas work assignment ceases to be the resident of Australia for the purpose of income tax during their overseas stay (Barkoczy 2016). The term resident and resident of Australia is defined under the subsection 6 (1) of income tax assessment act 1936. As far as the individual is concerned a person whose domicile is in Australia unless the commissioner is satisfied that his or her permanent place of abode is outside of Australia (Snape and Souza 2016). Furthermore, as defined under subsection 6 (1) a person who has been in Australia either constantly or in breaks for no less than half of the income year unless the commissioner is satisfied that an individuals person place of abode is Australia and that he or she does not have any intentions of taking up the residence in Australia. As evident from the current case study Can Robyn is an Australian resident under subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1936 since her permanent domicile is in Australia and has been in Australia for more than half of the income year prior to leaving Australia (Braithwaite 2017). Furthermore, the rulings concludes by stating in general language that the intended and the actual length of stay in the overseas country along with any intention of returning to Australia at some point of time (Cao et al. 2015). From the case study it was found that Can Robyn owned a flat in Melbourne and did not abandoned her residence or place of abode where she resided. Instead, the flat owned by her was mortgaged and received part of her employment income in her Australian bank account. As held in the case of Henderson v. Henderson [1965] 1 All E.R.179 an individual retains the domicile of the of their own origin unless the person acquires the domicile of their own choice in another country or by the operation of law (Saad 2014). In determining the domicile of an individual for the purpose of definition resident under Subsection 6 (1) it is vital to take into the consideration a persons intention as to the country in which he or she intends to make their home indefinitely (Taylor and Richardson 2013). Hence, a an individual having an Australian domicile will retain the Australian citizenship if the person intends to return to Australia on a evidently foreseen and reasonably anticipated contingency which is after the end of her employment. As evident form the current situation that Can Robyn has maintained her flat in Melbourne located in Australia. She is also intended to return to Australia on an evidently foreseen and reasonably anticipated contingency after her e mployment ends in Calcutta University. According to the taxation ruling of IT 2650 the liability to impose tax arises and the question where the taxpayer resides should be taken into the consideration in determining the applicable facts of the income under the considerations (Woellner et al. 2013). As held in F.C. of T. v. Applegate(1979) 9 ATR 899 the primary query that rises is to be asked in taking into the consideration that the residency status of a person temporarily leaving Australia is whether the person can be considered as the Australian resident for the purpose of tax (Robin 2017). As a general rule a person leaving Australia not for permanently would yet be considered as to have maintained the Australian domicile unless the it is understood that the person acquired a different domicile of their own choice or by the operation of law. As evident from the following scenario Can Robyn would be considered to have maintained her Australian resident since she has maintained her bank account in Australia to pay for the mortgage flat from the part of the salary received in her Australian bank account. A working visa even from the substantial period would not be considered as a sufficient evidence of an intention to acquire the new domicile (Blakelock and King 2017). In the present scenario, it is assumed that the taxpayer intended to stay in India only for the temporarily period until the course exist and then move back to the Australia. During her course of employment in India Can Robyn did not abandoned her flat that was held in Melbourne due to her overseas absence. Foreign employment income is an income that is derived by an Australian resident working overseas in the form of employee. Foreign income comprises of the income that is earned by the person in the form of salary, wages, commissions, bonuses, allowance and income assessed under the employee share scheme provision. Actually Australian resident are generally taxed for their worldwide income. With reference to the present scenario of Can Robyn it can be said that the part of the salary that is received in her Australian bank account. It is noteworthy to denote that the payment can still qualify in the form of foreign earnings even if it is paid in Australian and it is not derived at the time an individual has worked overseas however, the payment received should be attributable to the period of service rendered (Vann 2016). As evident, the income received by Can Robyn in her Australian bank account would qualify in the form of foreign income since it is paid in Australia. Citing the refe rence of F.C. of T. v. Jenkins 82 ATC 4098, Can Robyn foreign income attracts tax liability and will be included in the assessable income as foreign employment income. Conclusion: To conclude with Can Robyn is required to declare the income that is earned by her from her employment with Calcutta University as a coordinator because the employment income received in her bank account is assessable under subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1997. 2.Issues: The present study is based on ascertainment of the taxable income of Paul who had a personal business of Golf Instructor. Legislation: Subsection 6-5 (2) and (3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 25 (1) Barratt v. FC of T92 ATC Henderson v. FC of T(1970) Taxation Rulings TR 93/11 Application: As stated under subsection 6-5 (2) and (3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 taxpayers should include their assessable income in the gross income which is generated by them (Fry 2017). With reference to the subsections 6-5 (2) and (3) an income that is produced in the income year however received in the other year, the implementation of correct process of ascertaining the earnings is the applicable income year that becomes the subject of the taxpayers and their advisors. The taxation rulings of TR 93/11 is applicable to persons and entities for taxation purpose and it is obligatory for the person to implement either receipts or the earning method of tax accounting in determining the taxable income (Anderson, Dickfos and Brown 2016). As defined under the TR 93/11 fees received under subsection 25 (1) is considered as income in compliance with the ordinary concepts of the ITAA 1936 for professionals or experts whose income is assessable under accrual basis (Tan, Braithwaite and Reinhart 2016). From the given study, it is understood that Paul derived a fee income from the private lesson with the objective of providing lesson to his clients. This brings forward the query of professional fee earnings derived under subsection 25 (1) of the ITAA that must be determined in reference to the facts of the existing case of Pual with reference to the agreement entered into by Paul. From the scenario, it is understood that Paul derived a fee income for lessons imparted to one of his clients following five years of the lesson provided. Based on the appropriate construction associated with the agreement, a recoverable debt is established in such a manner where a professional debt person shall not be under obligation of taking a ctions before it becomes entitled for payment (James 2016). A fee shall be recoverable in the relevant sense given the time to pay has been approved. Citing the reference of Henderson v. FC of T(1970) income that is taxable based on the accrual basis is generated under the subsection 25 (1) of the ITAA when a recoverable debt is established where the taxpayer is not required to take any actions prior to they become entitled for payment (Pope, Rupert and Anderson 2016). In addition to this, a professional person on receiving fee income in advance for the purpose of work to which it is associated. If the agreement has been created amid the professional and the client, the fee income that is derived in the year of income during which the professional individual completes the work to which the fee income is associated either wholly or partly. From the current study of Paul it is understood that fee that is derived by him is concluded as the portion of income and will be included in the assessable income of Paul. As stated under the Taxation Rulings of TR 93/11 recoverable debt is created with a professional individual which does not requires bill to the client once the work is entirely or completely completed (Feld 2016). From the given situation, it is understood the fee received by Paul from Doreen would form the part of the assessable income. The fee received by Paul is considered as income in the income year and such income would be included in the assessable income since the receipt of fee would be regarded as the recoverable debt for the lesson imparted. In computing the assessable income of Paul receipt of $6,000 and $28,000 from the series of lesson imparted would form the part of the assessable income. With reference to the Barratt v. FC of T92 ATC the federal court of Australia has considered the statutory impediment in commencing the lawful proceedings for the recovery of the bad debt (Pope, Rupert and Anderson 2016). However, this does not put off the timing in which the fee income is generated under the subsection 25 (1) by the professional person whose earnings will be taken into the consideration for assessment under the accrual basis. Conclusion: On arriving at the conclusion, the existing study has considered the consequences of income tax derived by Paul in his business course. In accordance with the sub-section 25 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 will be considered as assessable and will be included in the assessable income. Reference List: Anderson, C., Dickfos, J. and Brown, C., 2016. The Australian Taxation Office-what role does it play in anti-phoenix activity?.INSOLVENCY LAW JOURNAL,24(2), pp.127-140. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Blakelock, S. and King, P., 2017. Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching.Proctor, The,37(6), p.18. Braithwaite, V. ed., 2017.Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge. Cao, L., Hosking, A., Kouparitsas, M., Mullaly, D., Rimmer, X., Shi, Q., Stark, W. and Wende, S., 2015. Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes.Treasury WP,1. Feld, A., 2016. Federal Taxation of State Tax Credits. Fry, M., 2017. Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office.The APPEA Journal,57(1), pp.49-63. James, K., 2016. The Australian Taxation Office perspective on work-related travel expense deductions for academics.International Journal of Critical Accounting,8(5-6), pp.345-362. Pope, T.R., Rupert, T.J. and Anderson, K.E., 2016.Pearson's Federal Taxation 2017 Comprehensive. Pearson. ROBIN, H., 2017.AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press. Saad, N., 2014. Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, pp.1069-1075. Snape, J. and De Souza, J., 2016.Environmental taxation law: policy, contexts and practice. Routledge. Tan, L.M., Braithwaite, V. and Reinhart, M., 2016. Why do small business taxpayers stay with their practitioners? Trust, competence and aggressive advice.International Small Business Journal,34(3), pp.329-344. Taylor, G. and Richardson, G., 2013. The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,22(1), pp.12-25. Vann, R.J., 2016. Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2013.Australian Taxation Law Select: legislation and commentary. CCH Australia

Project Execution and Control for PMP Project- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theProject Execution and Control for PMP Project. Answer: Introduction While any project team desires to ensure that a project is completed as per the initial plan, sometimes changes may become necessary for the successful implementation of a project (Burke, 2013). This report explores the various aspects of project change management. Time, cost, and quality impacts of the change in the project and the techniques used to manage them. Time There are very few projects that are completed according to the initial plan. While change can be viewed as inevitable, Change control processes put in place can be the bridge between project success and failure. Each project has a specific duration upon which it should be completed in its desired form. Project changes such as widening the scope can lead to delays which can lead to a project being completed later than it was scheduled although this requires additional budget (Helgason,2011). On the other hand, changes aimed at reducing the scope of the project can lead to the completion of a project before its scheduled completion time. Project time can be managed through increasing the budget or reduction of project scope (Heldman,2013). Cost Cost is an important aspect of any project. Successful completion of a project can be defined based on the completion of a project within its initial budget. While each project has a finite budget, sometimes project changes may become a necessity. The impact of this is that it can affect a project either positively or negatively. Project changes focused on reducing the scope of a project can have a have a positive impact on the budget by minimizing it while changes aimed at increasing the scope can escalate the budget beyond the initial estimates(Snyder,2013).Project cost can be managed by maintaining the initial project scope or reducing it through the elimination of unnecessary activities. Quality Projects must meet certain deliverables that are usually established beforehand. A project is deemed to have been completed in the desired quality if it has met its various objectives within time and budget estimates. Project changes that increase the scope of a project without increasing projects budget, time or both can lead to the completion of a project whose quality is below the intended quality (Blomquist,2010) Quality, time and cost of a project can also be managed through continuous monitoring by the project team. Options to satisfy the change request and any associated risks for each change Project change requests occur when an alteration or an additional deliverable is required by the client of the project. Several options can be used to satisfy change request for various projects. Filling of change request form This is the first step in the change request. The client fills a change request form in which they state the actual request, the reason for the request including negative impacts of not undertaking the request, expected outcome from the request expected completion date and expected value which is a justification of why the request is needed (Wysocki,2012). Submission and review of the request form After the documentation, the change request form should be submitted to the project team for review in which the team analyses the possible impacts of the requested change for decision making (Shenhar Dvir,2007). Definition of option and creation of response document After the request form has been reviewed, options should then be created by the project team. The team should include in their response the proposed solution, proposed timeline, impact of the change to the project and a timeframe for the client to respond to the proposed time and cost impact and the proposed solution (Ika, 2009). Final Decision and Approval The client should the make a final decision within the timelines set by the project team. The decision is then approved by the project team Associated risks Project scope, time and budget changes are associated with risks such as the abandonment of a project, unavailability of adequate of resources failure of the project to deliver expected results and resistance of the project. Other risks include impacts on suppliers and customers, the decline of the morale of the project team and possible stress and confusion (Meredith Mantel Jr,2011) Explanation of scope creep, examples and tools and techniques that can be used to manage scope creep Scope creep is used to refer to the continuous and uncontrolled changes in the project scope usually after the beginning of a project caused mainly by lack of proper definition, control, and documentation of project scope (Kendra Taplin, 2014). For example, scope creep can be said to have occurred where a project that began with two or three features end up having ten features. Major causes of scope creep are internal miscommunication and disagreements between the project team as well as a change of project requirements by project stakeholders. Scope creep also called feature creep; requirement creep, kitchen sink syndrome or function creep (Project Management Institute, 2013). One of the worst examples is the Denver International Airport Baggage handling system which involved the change of the project scope to include additional features barely two years to the launch of the project. Scope creep resulted in the absolute failure of the project. The following techniques can be used t o manage scope creep Clear definition and documentation of project scope Since one of the main causes of scope creep is lack of a defined project scope having a well-defined work scope can help in avoiding scope creep. This should be well written explained and made available to all project parties so that there is an overall understanding of what should be included and what should not be included in the scope (Snyder,2013). Setting up of change control processes It is not quite possible to entirely implement a project in its original form due to the inevitability of changes. This, therefore, calls for an establishment of change control processes which entail suggestion of the desired change, reviewing of the suggestion which is then followed by approval or rejection. If approved, the change is incorporated into the project plan .This technique ensures that change is controlled and does not merely happen without the awareness of the project team (Heldman,2013). References Blomquist, T., Hllgren, M., Nilsson, A., Sderholm, A. (2010). Project?as?practice: In search of project management research that matters. Project Management Journal, 41(1), 5-16. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Heldman, K. (2013). PMP Project Management Professional Exam Study Guide (7th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Helgason, V. (2011). Project scope management. Ika, L. A. (2009). Project success as a topic in project management journals. Project Management Journal, 40(4), 6-19. Kendra, K., Taplin, L. J. (2014). Project success: A cultural framework. Project management journal, 35(1), 30-45. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011). Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK Guide)(5th ed.). Newtown Square, Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute. Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D. (2007). Project management research-the challenge and opportunity. Project management journal, 38(2), 93. Snyder, C. S. (2013). A project managers book of forms: A companion to the PMBOK guide (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Wysocki, R. K. (2012). Effective Project Management: Traditional, Agile, Extreme (6th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.